Today on New Scientist: 30 January 2013







Timbuktu's precious scientific texts must be saved

Islamist militants in Mali have burned documents that attest to science in Africa before European colonisation - what remains must be protected



Think that massage feels good? Try adding drugs

Nerve bundles that respond to stroking have been identified and chemically activated in mice



How Obama will deliver his climate promise

The US is set to meet - and maybe exceed - Obama's pledge to cut US emissions by 17 per cent, which could give a boost to international climate talks



Minimum booze price will rein in alcohol abuse

Evidence suggests the UK government's proposal to set a minimum price for alcohol could save thousands of lives, and billions of pounds of public money



First real time-travel movies are loopers

Hollywood has played with time travel for decades, but now physicists have the first movies of what travelling to the past actually looks like



Surfer rides highest wave ever caught

Garret McNamara of Hawaii claims to have ridden the highest wave ever caught by a surfer, a 30-metre monster off the coast of Nazaré, Portugal



Infrared laptop trackpad ignores accidental touches

Longpad is a touchpad that extends the full width of your laptop and uses infrared sensors to ignore any unwanted touches



Close call coming: Averting the asteroid threat

With an errant space rock heading this way, just how good are our asteroid defences - and how do we avert the cataclysm?



The right to fight: women at war

The US military has accepted women into combat. What can science tell us about how women deal with being in the line of fire? And are they any different to men?



Earth and others lose status as Goldilocks worlds

Several planets are taking a hit thanks to a redefinition of the habitable zone - the area around a star in which liquid water can theoretically exist



The 10,000-year bender: Why humans love a tipple

Our taste for alcohol results from an evolutionary tussle between humans and yeast - one in which the microbes have often had the upper hand





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Europe will get its money back, says Bank of Greece






BERLIN: Greece will pay back the billions of euros of European aid it has received to fight its debt crisis, the head of the country's central bank told Germany's Sueddeutsche Zeitung.

"I understand the concern of European taxpayers," Governor of the Bank of Greece George Provopoulos, said in Thursday's edition of the daily newspaper.

"But I can tell you one thing: this time, the government will get results. The country is transforming itself. The Europeans will get their money back."

"The Greeks, including the politicians, have understood one thing: this time around it's the last chance for Greece," he added.

Provopoulos acknowledged that the application of structural reforms required by the country's international creditors had in the past not been adequate.

"That was a big mistake," he said.

He also conceded that if "tax evasion is a problem in every country, it is particularly prevalent in Greece".

But he insisted that confidence was returning to the country, for while 87 billion euros ($118b) had been withdrawn from Greek bank accounts since 2010, 15 billion euros had been put back in over the past seven months.

The EU and IMF have committed a total of 240 billion euros ($320b) in rescue loans to Greece since 2010. In return they insisted on a tough austerity programme to get the country's finance in order.

So far, however, Greece has failed to deliver, particularly when it has come to cutting the public deficit.

The coalition government led by Prime Minister Antonis Samaras announced last week that Greece had narrowed its public deficit to 8.1 per cent in 2012, marking a rare improvement over targets pledged to its EU-IMF creditors.

The hardship caused by the swingeing public sector cuts has caused a wave of sometimes violent protests and strikes.

The harsh economic climate has also seen the rise of the far-right in the country with the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn winning 18 seats in the 300-seat parliament in last year's elections.

International human rights groups have warned of a surge in xenophobic attacks on migrants in Greece.

- AFP/ck



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Teen who performed at inaugural events shot dead









By Catherine E. Shoichet and Ted Rowlands, CNN


updated 9:33 PM EST, Wed January 30, 2013









STORY HIGHLIGHTS


  • NEW: Chicago mayor: "We have a responsibility to see a stop to this"

  • Hadiya Pendleton, 15, was shot dead in Chicago on Tuesday

  • Last week she performed in events surrounding President Obama's inauguration

  • "Just a matter of days after the happiest day of her life, she's gone," Sen. Dick Durbin says




Chicago (CNN) -- A teen who performed at events around President Barack Obama's inauguration was shot to death in Chicago this week, and now her story has become part of the debate in Washington over gun violence nationwide.


The shooting death of 15-year-old Hadiya Pendleton came up in a U.S. Senate hearing and a White House press briefing Wednesday.


"She was an honor student and a majorette," said Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Illinois. Performing at inaugural events last week "was the highlight of her young, 15-year-old life," he said.


Speaking at Wednesday's Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on gun violence, Durbin mentioned Pendleton's death as he argued that more must be done to stop gun crimes.


Giffords: 'Too many children dying'


"Yesterday, in a rainstorm after school, she raced to a shelter. A gunman came in and shot her dead," he said. "Just a matter of days after the happiest day of her life, she's gone."


The park shelter where she was shot is just a mile from Obama's home in Chicago.


White House spokesman Jay Carney described her death as a "terrible tragedy."


"The president has more than once, when he talks about gun violence in America, referred not just to the horror of Newtown or Aurora or Virginia Tech or Oak Creek but to shootings on the corner in Chicago or other parts of the country," Carney told reporters. "And this is just another example of the problem we need to deal with."


2013 has gotten off to a deadly start in Chicago -- Pendleton was the year's 42nd murder victim. No arrests have been made in the case, police said Wednesday.


In 2012, 506 people were slain in the city.


Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel described Pendleton Wednesday as "what's best in our city, a child going to school who takes a final exam, who had just been to the inaugural."


"We have a responsibility to see a stop to this," he said. "And all of us are responsible."


Pendleton was shot just blocks away from her high school on the south side of Chicago, CNN affiliate WGN reported.


LaPierre, the NRA's heavyweight


Police told CNN affiliates that the teenager had no gang affiliation and likely was not the intended target.


"There has to be an end to it. It's just too much. The children cannot go to school. They're in fear," Bonita O'Bannion, who lives in the area where the shooting occurred, told CNN affiliate WBBM.


Carney said the president and first lady's thoughts and prayers are with Pendleton's family.


"And as the president said, we will never be able to eradicate every act of evil in this country," Carney said, "but if we can save even one child's life, we have an obligation to try when it comes to the scourge of gun violence."


How the violent mentally ill can buy guns


CNN's Ted Rowlands reported from Chicago. CNN's Catherine E. Shoichet wrote the story in Atlanta. CNN's Tom Cohen contributed to this report from Washington.











Part of complete coverage on







updated 2:46 PM EST, Wed January 30, 2013



The federal background check system for gun buyers didn't stop a mentally ill man from buying a gun, which he used to kill his mother.







updated 9:15 PM EST, Wed January 30, 2013



Rather than focusing on gun restrictions, the NRA is promoting a focus on fixing the nation's mental health system.







updated 1:28 PM EST, Wed January 30, 2013



Wayne LaPierre is not a large man. Yet, in Washington, he can make even brave politicians toss in the towel at the first sign of a scuffle.







updated 12:17 PM EST, Tue January 29, 2013



More than 6,000 people are killed each year by handguns. That's like having a massacre on the scale of Newtown 239 times during one year.







updated 3:18 PM EST, Sat January 26, 2013



On one side were pegboard panels mounted with various assault rifles and semi-automatic weapons -- including a Bushmaster similar to the one used in last month's Newtown school massacre.







updated 2:48 PM EST, Mon January 28, 2013



The National Rifle Association chief issued a blistering retort to President Barack Obama's inaugural address, accusing him of name calling and limiting American freedoms.







updated 2:50 PM EST, Mon January 28, 2013



President Barack Obama proposed a package of measures intended to reduce gun violence in the wake of the Newtown school massacre last month. But would they work?







updated 3:41 PM EST, Sat January 26, 2013



Proponents of gun control hold a March in Washington, while small number opponents gather to express their views.







updated 7:11 AM EST, Wed January 16, 2013



A month after the deadly school shootings in Newtown, Connecticut, the National Rifle Association is taking heat for releasing a mobile video game that lets players learn how to shoot at targets.







updated 7:49 AM EST, Mon January 28, 2013



Gens. Michael Hayden (Ret.) and Stanley McChrystal (Ret.) weigh in on America's gun debate.







updated 3:00 PM EST, Mon January 28, 2013



The "universal background checks" now being pushed by some gun control supporters is code for closing loopholes on such checks at gun shows and other private sales.







updated 3:01 PM EST, Mon January 28, 2013



Two couples rooted in the American mainstream. Two spouses who were nearly killed by mentally ill gunmen.







updated 3:02 PM EST, Mon January 28, 2013



Mass shootings in 2012 reignited the debate over legislation to combat gun violence. Here's a look at laws already on the books in the United States dealing with firearms.





















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Obama: "No doubt" Congress will pass immigration, gun bills




Play Video


Obama: "No doubt" gun, immigration bills will pass in coming months



There's more bipartisan support in Congress for comprehensive immigration reform than gun control legislation, President Obama said tonight during an interview with Univision, but qualified that even under his proposal, illegal immigrants shouldn't be harboring expectations that they'll be granted citizenship "manana."

"Even under our proposal, this is not a situation where overnight, suddenly people all find themselves as citizens," Mr. Obama told the Spanish-language television network. "They're going to have to go to the back of the line. We're going to have to clear out the existing line, backlogs we have in terms of illegal immigrants, because they did it the right way. We shouldn't punish them for breaking the law.

"...What we don't want to do is to create some vague prospect in the future that somehow comprehensive immigration reform that includes a pathway to citizenship will happen manana," he continued, chuckling softly at the somewhat awkward injection of the Spanish word for "tomorrow." "But we have to put that in place at the outset, and make sure people are clear that this pathway is real and not just a fantasy for the future."

Asked whether he was in a standoff with Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., the son of Cuban immigrants who has said he will not support a bill that does not put border control ahead of a path to citizenship, Mr. Obama said no, but pointed out that the number of people crossing the border illegally has dropped "about 80 percent since 2000."


On Tuesday, the president delivered a speech in Las Vegas outlining his immigration plan and applauding a bipartisan group of eight senators that has offered up proposals as well. In an interview today with another Spanish language network, Telemundo, he specified that he's hoping immigration reform that includes a pathway to citizenship can be passed in the next six months, but "certainly this year."

Meanwhile, despite facing more resistance from the right on tightening gun laws, he said he has "no doubt" that Congress will be able to put through legislation on gun control, as well as immigration.




Play Video


Obama: Legalization for illegal immigrants won't happen "ma?ana"



"On the gun issue, you're starting to see gun owners, people who traditionally have opposed gun control, saying, 'You know what, when 20 of our children are shot by somebody who is disturbed, and when it is that easy to get these high-clip magazines that can fire off hundreds of shots in a few minutes, then it's time for us to do better job on background checks, to get control of these magazine clips, to really crack down on gun trafficking," Mr. Obama said in the Univision interview.

The Senate Judiciary Committee today held the first congressional hearing on gun violence since last month's massacre at a Newtown, Conn., elementary school, that left 20 children and six adults dead. Star witnesses included former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, D-Ariz., who survived a shot to the head two years ago during an assassination attempt that left six people dead, and her husband on one side, and NRA CEO Wayne LaPierre on the other.

Both gun control and immigration "will end up generating some opposition," the president said. "There will be passions on both sides. But I'm generally encouraged that the Senate seems to be having a serious conversation about these issues."

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Former Police Captain Cleared of Ex-Wife's Murder













A former Ohio police captain has been cleared in the murder of his ex-wife and released from prison, where he had been for 15 years -- but prosecutors say they plan to appeal the ruling.


"I'm just a jumble of emotions and I just can't wait to hug all of my family," Douglas Prade told reporters outside the prison when he was released Tuesday afternoon, according to ABC News' Cleveland affiliate WEWS-TV.


He thanked "all of the people that supported me and communicated with me and told me to keep my spirits up."


Prade's ex-wife, Dr. Margo Prade, 41, was found shot to death in her minivan outside of her medical practice in November 1997.


Douglas Prade was an Akron, Ohio, police captain at the time.


At trial, he was convicted on murder and wiretapping charges and sentenced to life in prison.


Prade, now 66, maintained his innocence and, eventually, the Ohio Innocence Project took up his cause and petitioned for his release or a new trial based on new DNA testing.


One of the key factors in Prade's conviction was a bite mark found on Margo Prade's body. The prosecution brought in an expert that testified the bite mark came from Douglas Prade.






Phil Masturzo/Akron Beacon Journal/AP Photo











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The Ohio Innocence Project commissioned a new DNA test that was not available at the time of the trial. The test found that the DNA around the bite was not Douglas Prade's.


Summit County Court of Common Pleas Judge Judy Hunter ruled that Prade should be set free because the new DNA results were "clear and convincing" in Prade's favor, according to the Associated Press.


Prosecutor Sherri Walsh is strongly disputing the new DNA evidence.


"This is a gross misapplication of the law, and we will be appealing Prade's exoneration. The defendant had to present new evidence so convincing that no juror would have found him guilty, and he failed to do so," Walsh said in a statement. "The DNA evidence presented by the Ohio Innocence Project on behalf of Prade is contaminated and unreliable. It does not prove innocence."


Walsh said that all evidence points to Prade as the person who killed Margo Prade.


"He was a serial stalker," Walsh said. "He tapped her phones and recorded more than 400 of her personal calls. He had verbally abused and threatened her. And we know Margo was afraid of him."


Other evidence includes Prade's handwritten tally of the bills he owed subtracted from the life insurance money he'd get if his wife died, Walsh said. Two witnesses placed him at the murder scene.


"We have not seen any credible evidence that suggests innocence, and we are taking all available actions to keep a dangerous killer off the streets," Walsh said.


Margo Prade's family is also upset by the decision.


"I feel like my life is in danger and my family's life is in danger now," Margo Prade's nephew Tony Fowler told the AP. "[Dr. Prade and her mother] are probably turning over in their graves but God will have the final say."


Alison McCarty, the former prosecutor on the case, told WEWS she respected the court's decision, but emphasized that the case is not yet closed.


"[Margo Prade] was such a superstar and it was just such a tremendous loss, and her death still needs justice," McCarty said.


The state has 30 days to file a motion in the court of appeals requesting permission to appeal the decision for a new trial.



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Today on New Scientist: 29 January 2013









Creatures of the air caught in the mist

Photographer Todd Forsgren uses mist nets to briefly ensnare a variety of tropical South American birds before releasing them, unharmed



Drug reduces enlarged prostate with few side effects

Shrinking enlarged prostates by blocking a potent growth factor could avoid problems - such as erectile dysfunction - that accompany current treatments



Climate change blamed for Australia's extreme weather

Floods have hit the east coast of Australia before recent bush fires have been put out, giving people a taste of climate change's possible consequences



Midnight sun: How to get 24-hour solar power

Rust may be the scourge of electronics but it could help solar power run all night



The most beautiful explanations

The 2012 Edge questions asked for great thinkers' favourite explanations. This Explains Everything collects them all into a fascinating read



Netted Costa Rican birds pay small price for art

Only mildly traumatic, mist nets offer an easy and safe way to catch birds for artistic, and ecological, study



Iran launches monkey into space

The Iranian Space Agency claims to have launched a rhesus monkey into space on a sub-orbital flight, and returned it safely to Earth




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21,227 cartons of contraband cigarettes seized






SINGAPORE: Customs officers seized 21,227 cartons of contraband cigarettes and arrested five men and a woman during islandwide operations last week.

Singapore Customs said on Wednesday that the total value of the cigarettes seized was over S$2 million, while the total duty and goods and services tax (GST) evaded was S$1.8 million.

Three distribution networks were disrupted.

The biggest seizure was from a prime-mover, which had a consignment of goods declared as pottery.

The vehicle, which was moving out of Jurong Port on 23 January, had 18,000 cartons of duty-unpaid cigarettes hidden in wooden crates.

Three men were arrested in connection with this seizure.

Investigations are ongoing.

- CNA/ck



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Report: Bus driver shot; child abducted









By CNN Staff


updated 9:30 PM EST, Tue January 29, 2013







STORY HIGHLIGHTS


  • NEW: Man tells CNN affiliate WSFA that bus driver was shot four times

  • Sheriff says no one has been taken into custody

  • Incident happened near Midland City, Alabama




(CNN) -- One man was shot on a school bus in Alabama on Tuesday, the Dale County Sheriff's Office.


Sheriff Wally Olson said in a written statement the suspect had not been taken into custody.


Michael Senn, a pastor, told CNN affiliate WSFA that he spoke to several students who had been on the bus.


He said a girl described the shooter getting aboard.


"He told most of them to get off the bus," Senn related. "And then he grabbed a little boy and shot the bus driver four times."


CNN affiliate WTVY reported the child is being held by the shooter.


Olson said a command post had been established at Private Road 1539 and U.S. Highway 231 near Midland City, Alabama, in the southeastern corner of the state.


WTVY reported that authorities said a hostage situation was ongoing.









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Grandson of oil tycoon T. Boone Pickens dies in Texas

Updated 8:35 PM ET

FORT WORTH, Texas A 21-year-old grandson of Texas oil tycoon T. Boone Pickens died Tuesday after being rushed to a hospital in Fort Worth, according to police and a family spokesman.




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Thomas Boone Pickens IV, who went by Ty, was a junior at Texas Christian University. Pickens' spokesman, Jay Rosser, called the death an "unspeakable family tragedy" and asked that the family be allowed to grieve in private.

As reported by CBS Station KTVT Dallas, the family issued a statement: "Ty's loss at such a young age is an unspeakable family tragedy for the entire Pickens family and his many friends. We mourn his passing and respectfully request that the family be allowed to grieve in private in this time of sorrow."

Neither Rosser nor Fort Worth police have said what may have caused the death.




10 Photos


Thomas Boone "Ty" Pickens IV



Officers were dispatched after getting a report of a dead person at an off-campus location around 9:30 a.m. Tuesday, police spokeswoman Cpl. Tracey Knight said. Police said Ty Pickens was transported to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead.

Knight said the Tarrant County medical examiner would determine the cause of death. She declined further comment.


T. Boone Pickens appears on "CBS This Morning," Aug. 23, 2012.

T. Boone Pickens appears on "CBS This Morning," Aug. 23, 2012.


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CBS News

The elder Pickens made much of his fortune in oil drilling but has since become an advocate for alternative energy. The 84-year-old also is active in politics and has donated millions of dollars to his alma mater, Oklahoma State University, and various other causes.

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Jodi Arias Borrowed Gas Cans Before Killing Ex













Accused murderer Jodi Arias borrowed two five-gallon gas cans from a former boyfriend the day before she drove to Arizona to kill another ex, Travis Alexander, according to testimony in Arias' murder trial today.


In cross examination, prosecutors also forced Arias' former live-in boyfriend Darryl Brewer to describe his sex life with Arias as "pretty aggressive."


Brewer, 52, dated Arias for four years and shared a home with her in California for two years. He told the court today that Arias called him in May 2008, asking to borrow gas cans, but would not explain why. She called him again at least two more times, and arrived at his house on June 2008, to borrow the cans.


On the day she picked up the gas cans she told Brewer that she was going to visit friends in California and Arizona.


Prosecutors argue that Arias then drove to Mesa, Ariz., where she allegedly had sex with Alexander, took nude photos of him, and then stabbed him 27 times, slashed his throat, and shot him twice in the head. She is charged with murder and could face the death penalty if convicted.


Arias, who claims she killed Alexander in self defense, had approached prosecutors two years ago offering to plea to a second degree murder charge, which could carry a 25 year term, but the state rejected the offer, Nancy Grace reported on Good Morning America today.


Brewer said that Arias never returned the gas cans. The pair had been broken up two years earlier and they had only spoken "sporadically," he said.








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Jodi Arias Trial: Explosive Recordings Played in Court Watch Video





Prosecutors also showed receipts from Arias' trip from her California home to Alexander's home in Mesa, showing that she purchased a 10 gallons of gas at one gas station the night before she drove to Arizona, and then another 10 gallons from a different gas station 10 minutes later. Prosecutors are expected to argue she brought the gas with her to fill up her car secretly on the way to Alexander's home, showing premeditation for the murder.


Arias' attorneys called Brewer as one of their first witnesses as they began mounting their case that Arias killed Alexander in self defense, arguing that Alexander was controlling and abusive toward Arias.


They asked Brewer to explain how he and Arias had been in a stable relationship for four years, from 2002 to 2006, and had bought a home together before Arias met Alexander at a business conference and began to change.


"I saw a lot of changes in Jodi. She became a different person than I had known previously," Brewer said, describing how Arias' behavior changed in May 2006 when she joined a company called Pre-Paid Legal. There, she met Alexander and began seeing him. She continued to live with Brewer.


"She had continued to pay the mortgage, but she was not paying other household bills, she began getting into debt or financial trouble," Brewer said. "For me it seemed she was not as rational or logical."


Arias also converted to Mormonism while living with Brewer, telling him that he could no longer curse and she would no longer have sex with him because she was saving herself for marriage.


The pair had previously had an "enthusiastic" and "aggressive" sex life, Brewer admitted to prosecutors. They had engaged in anal sex, Arias had taken nude photos of Brewer, and Arias had purchased breast implants in 2006, he testified.


Brewer said that after Arias began to change, he made arrangements to move closer to his son from his first marriage, and he and Arias broke up.


They kept in touch with occasional phone calls until Arias asked to borrow the gas cans in June 2008, and then called him a week after borrowing the cans to say that her friend had been killed.


Martinez, reading notes from an interview Brewer gave to authorities during the investigation into Alexander's death, asked if Arias had ever mentioned needing an "alibi." Brewer said he did not recall any conversation about alibis.


"After this date of June 4, 2008," Martinez asked, "you received a call from Jodi Arias, and she was very agitated?"


"She was sad," Brewer said.


"Did she tell you that her friend had been killed and she did not have an alibi?"


"I don't remember that," Brewer said.


Arias was arrested a month after Alexander was found dead, in July 2008.



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